Appendix F — Road Hierarchy, on-Street and Off-Street Parking
Gazette pages 2843–2860 · Official gazette pages (PDF, 657 KB) — use for exact tables and figures.
Sections in this chapter
F.1 Introduction
Road is an integral part of a settlement and its land-use planning. For public safety in any new development the hierarchy of road network with measures for gradual traffic calming and adequate safe parking, both on-street and off-street, are of vital importance. Road width and road components, junctions, features of controlling vehicles’ speed and turning, forward visibility and visibility splay at junctions are important tools of traffic and speed control. With increased density and parking demand, on-street parking shall be an important tool to increase overall parking capacity as well as accommodation for service vehicles (e.g. garbage collection vehicle, maintenance vehicles etc.). This measure is also expected to keep the pedestrian walkways free from unauthorized vehicular parking.
F.2 DEFINITIONS
CARRIAGEWAY Refers to driveway that provides access to the parking place.
They do not have parking stalls adjacent to them.
CARRIAGEWAY Refers to inclined floors that provide access between two
RAMPS levels.
INSIDE LANE Refers to the innermost lane of a curve ramp, which is
nearest to the center point of curve.
INSIDE RADIUS OF Refers to curved carriageway and driveway is the distance
LANE measured from the inside curve edge to the center point of
the curve.
MAXIMUM Refers to the steepest gradient of ramp measured along the
GRADIENT center line of the ramp. Gradient refers to the ratio of the
inclination of the ramp (height length).
OUTSIDE LANE OF Refers to any lane positioned after the innermost lane.
CURVED
CARRIAGEWAY
PARKING AISLE Refers to an access lane or driveway with adjacent parking
stalls.
PARKING ANGLE Refers to the angle measured between the longer side of the
parking stall and the line of traffic flow of the aisle.
PARKING STALL Refers to the space required for parking of one vehicle. The
space of the stall shall be rectangular. The area of each stall
shall be flat and free from curbs and other obstructions.
SINGLE-LANE Refers to a lane where only one vehicle can pass through at
any given time.
TRAFFIC FLOW Refers to the direction of vehicle movement.
F.3 Road Hierarchy Guidelines For New Development
For any new development, at least three hierarchically interlinked road patterns should be followed (Figure 3.F.1): a. primary road, b. secondary road and c. internal/ access/ residential road. Though it is not mandatory to provide wider than regulation pedestrian walkways (with provisions for street furniture), bicycle lane and plantation zones parallel to walkways, it is strongly recommended that such provisions should be made, especially at primary and secondary road level, as much as possible. Primary Road: This refers to a Public way or portion thereof, on which vehicular traffic is given preferential right-of-way, and at the entrance to which from intersecting public ways is required to be in obedience to a traffic signal, stop sign, or yield sign as per traffic code. Primary roads connect settlements/ zones/ sectors with rest of the city, which are capable of and usually are serviced by public transport facility (e.g. Bus service, Tram service etc.). These roads define the edge of the settlement and shall be capable of hosting traffic interchange (e.g. changing from one mode of transport to another). No individual plot should be accessed directly from a primary road (Figure 3.F.2). The right of way of a primary road shall not be less than 18 meter (Table 3.F.1 and Figure 3.F.3).
Figure 3.F.1 Road hierarchy Secondary Road: A secondary Road is a collector road or distributor road of low to moderate-capacity, which serve to move traffic from internal/local streets to primary/arterial road. The flow of a collector road usually consists of a mixture of signaled intersections or traffic circles with primary arterial roads or other collector roads and un-signaled intersection with local/internal/residential roads.
A secondary road shall not be less than 13.5 m (Table 3.F.1 and Figure 3.F.4).
Internal/access/residential road: At the bottom of the hierarchy are local/Internal/ access streets and roads. These roads have the lowest speed limit, carry low volumes of traffic and often have pedestrian priority. The minimum width of such road will depend on the density of the adjacent plots (Table 3.F.1, Figure 3.F.5).
Figure 3.F.2 Parking beside primary/arterial road
Figure 3.F.3 Minimum dimensions for primary road
Figure 3.F.4 Minimum dimensions for secondary road
Figure 3.F.5 Minimum dimensions for Internal/access/local/residential road
F.4 Guidelines For Pedestrian Walkway
F.4.1 Any pedestrian path should be part of a pedestrian network connecting building users to different facilities and part of a city or a settlement and should enhance pedestrian friendly environment.
F.4.2 Pedestrian path or walkways should be separated and protected from vehicular driveways and any conflict between vehicular and pedestrian crossing shall be designed to ensure pedestrian safety.
Table 3.F.1: Minimum Widths of Public Means of Access to Residential Plots of new development
2-way On-street Pedestrian Bus Lane Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum
vehicular Parking/ walkway / Bus Stop right of way/ right of way/ right of way/ right of way/
road Emergency ROW ROW ROW ROW
width Vehicle Option-A* Option-B** Option-C*** Option D****
V (m) P (m) W (m) B (m) V+W (m) V+2W (m) V+P+2W (m)
Main/
primary road
6 Nil 2 3.5 Nil Nil Nil 18.00
(V+2W X
1.25+2B)
Secondary
road 5.5 2 2 Nil Nil Nil Nil 13.5
(V+2P+2W)
Internal/
4.8 2 2 Nil 6.8 8.8 10.8 Nil
access road
Note:
* For serving residential occupancy A1 and A2, the minimum right of way shall be option A
** For serving residential occupancy of A3 within walkup range the minimum right of way shall be option B
*** For serving residential occupancy of A3 above walkup range , the minimum right of way shall be option C
**** For serving residential occupancy of A3 in mixed use , the minimum right of way shall be option D
F.4.3 The minimum width of a pedestrian walkway which is not enclosed by adjacent walls on both sides shall be 1 m; otherwise the minimum width shall be 1.25 m. However, depending upon the frequency of pedestrian users the recommended minimum width for footpath or walkway shown in Table 3.F.2 may be followed. F.4.4 All public transport terminal and stoppages shall have dedicated planning for pedestrian users to and from the facilities showing connection to the public pedestrian and vehicular network adjacent to the site. Pedestrian walkways or footpaths in all such facilities shall be of sufficient width to cater the pedestrian need of the facility.
Table 3.F.2: Recommended minimum width of pedestrian walkway based on frequency of use
Peak pedestrian frequency Width of Width for street Total
walkway furniture and recommended
plantation width
(pedestrian user per minute) (m) (m) (m)
Up to 60 2.5 1.5 4
Above 60- 80 3.25 1.5 4.75
Above 80- 100 4.0 1.5 5.5
Above 100 5.0 1.5 6.5
F.5 Guidelines For On-Street Parking
For on-street car parking in any new settlement, the guidelines of Table 3.F.1 shall be the minimum requirement depending upon the type of road and expected traffic density.
F.5.1 Parking along Primary Road
For primary roads, fast moving uninterrupted traffic flow needs to be ensured. Therefore such roads shall not serve for on-street parking. If, parking besides such primary roads becomes necessary, then an additional carriageway with on-street parking and an additional pedestrian walkway as shown in Figure 3.F.6 may be planned, keeping the main traffic flow uninterrupted.
F.5.2 Parking along Non-Primary Roads
On-street parking should normally only be considered on local distributors and roads lower in the hierarchy. On such roads, on-street parking spaces may be provided where off-street facilities are inadequate to meet demand and where provision would not adversely affect the flow of traffic. On-street spaces should generally cater for short term parking needs and parking meters may be installed to encourage such usage.
F.5.3 Parking for Service Vehicles
In most situations, it will not be necessary to provide parking spaces specifically for service vehicles, such as delivery vans, which are normally stationary for a relatively short time. If such parking bays are considered necessary, other vehicles may need to be prevented from using the spaces by regulation and enforcement.
F.5.4 Omission and Conversion of Existing Parking
Omission and conversion of existing parking spaces shall not be permitted if it results in parking deficiency for the occupancy type. That is, after omission and conversion, the remaining number of parking spaces must be sufficient to meet the minimum requirement of the existing, proposed and approved development.
F.5.5 Parking Design Considerations
Any parking space design will consider the following two factors :
(a) Minimum parking requirement ascertained for each type of occupancy
(b) Parking layout for the required number of parking (Figures 3.5.7 to 3.F.13)
Figure 3.F.6 Provision for on-street parking beside primary road
F.6 Minimum Requirement For off-Street Parking The number of minimum parking spaces required shall be based on the total floor area of the building and shall depend on its occupancy type and number of users. The following tables (Table 3.F.3) shall form the basis for computation of minimum parking requirement:
Table 3.F.3: Off-street parking requirements for different occupancies
Occupancy type/use Minimum off-street parking
requirements
Residential (occupancy type-A)
Small private dwellings/ row house with plot size not more 1 car parking
than 134 m²
Small private dwellings/ row house with plot size 134-268 m² 2 car parking
Multi-family housing with flats/ apartments with gross area more
1 car parking/unit+5% guest parking
than 200 m²
Residential (occupancy type-A)
Flats/ apartments with gross area more than 140 m² to 200 m² 2 car parking per 3 units
Flats/ apartments with gross area more than 90 m² to 140 m² 1 car parking per 2 units
Flats/ apartments with gross area more than 60 m² to 90 m² 1 car parking per 4 units
Flats/ apartments with gross area up to 60 m² 1 car parking per 8 units
Flats/ apartments with gross area up to 90 m² (in addition to
1 motorcycle parking per 5 units
required car parking)
Hotels (star category) 1 car parking per 5 guest rooms
Hotels (other category) 1 car parking per 200 m² gross area
Others 1 car parking per 300 m² gross area
The minimum parking requirements for all residential occupancies within 500 m radius of MRT or BRT
stations shall be 25 percent of the calculated requirement from above.
cup
anc
(Oc
Educational (Occupancy type-B) 1 car parking per 200 m² gross area
y
Occupancy type/use Minimum off-street parking
requirements
For plots with 25 m or more frontages,
an uninterrupted dropping bay of at
least 25 m length and 4.25 m width
shall be given at ground level within the
school premises.
For plots with less than 25 m frontage,
Kindergarten, primary schools, high schools, colleges, tertiary an uninterrupted dropping bay with
educational institution, training centers, universities and other length equal to total frontage of the plot
educational institutions. and 4.25 m width shall be given at
ground level within the school
premises.
At primary and secondary schools
there should be a minimum of 3 lay-bys
for school buses within the school
boundary.
Institutional Type (Occupancy type-C) 1 car parking per 200 m² gross area
Institutional and Health care Type
(Occupancy type-C and D)
Hospitals, clinics (Occupancy type-D) 1 car parking per 5 beds
Medical diagnostic centers 1 car parking per 100 m² gross area
Others (outdoor treatment facilities, collective practice of
1 car parking per 200 m² gross area
physicians etc.)
Mercantile (Occupancy type-F) 1 car parking per 200 m² gross area
(Occupancy type-E and F)
Business and Mercantile
Shops, department store 1 loading/ unloading bay of heavy goods
vehicle per 2000 m² gross area or portion
thereof
Restaurants 1 car parking per 100 m² gross area
Business (Occupancy type E) and Offices 1 car parking per 200 m² gross area
Others 1 car parking per 200 m² gross area
Industries (Occupancy type-G) For all such installations, at least 1 truck
Industrial (Occupancy
type-G) and Storage
(Occupancy type-H)
Storage (Occupancy type-H) parking along with loading unloading
bay and at least 1 car parking.
For administrative or sales centers
within these installations, 1 car parking
per 200 m² for such parts only are
required.
Occupancy type/use Minimum off-street parking
requirements
Assembly (Occupancy type- I) 1 car parking per 40 seats
Cinema
Theatre, auditorium 1 car parking per 20 seats
Sports facilities 1 car parking per 200 seats
Assembly (Occupancy type- I)
Transportation terminals, airports, railway stations, etc. 1 car parking per 50 m² gross area
(Occupancy I or MIXED)
1 car parking per 25 m² gross area.
For plots with 25 m or more frontage, an
uninterrupted dropping bay of at least
Wedding/ party center (Occupancy I or MIXED)
25 m length and 4.25 m width shall be
given at ground level within the school
premises.
Religious Up to 300 m² At least 1 car parking
structure More than 300 m² 1 car parking per 50 m² gross area
Others 1 car parking per 200 m² gross area
Hazardous (J1 and J2) For all such installations, at least 1 truck
(Occupancy type-J)
parking along with loading unloading
Hazardous
bay and at least 1 car parking.
For administrative purpose within these
installations, 1 car parking per 200 m²
for such parts only are required.
Note: For mixed-use situation, parking requirement shall be calculated by adding up the individual parking requirements of each types based on their use area per floor and respective parking ratio for each type. For different types of flats/apartments within the same complex, parking requirements shall be determined by determining requirement for each type separately and then adding them together. Fractional results in parking calculation shall be considered as 1 (one) full parking space. With recommendation from the permitting authority parking requirement for low income residential areas may be reduced. For flats with area less than 90 m², parking requirement of 1/3rd requirement of cars can be calculated by combining cars and motorcycles in the ratio of 1 car to 2 motorcycles. For any building type, at least 1 (one) car parking shall be required.
F.7 Car Parking Layout Guidelines
F.7.1 Parking Stalls
Parking stall is a rectangular space with defined length and width, where the length is subject to variation depending on its relationship with the aisle, Figure 3.F.7. For perpendicular or angular parking, the minimum dimensions required of a car parking stall shall be: Stall width: 2400 mm Stall length: 4800 mm For parallel parking minimum dimensions required of a car parking stall shall be: Stall width: 2000 mm Stall length: 6000 mm For parallel parking, where cars cannot be parked by reversing, minimum stall length shall be 7200 mm; the floor of each stall shall be flat and free from curbs and other interferences. Where parallel parking stalls have frontal obstruction or perpendicular parking stalls have side obstruction, the stall sizes will vary in accordance with guidelines of Figure 3.F.8.
F.7.2 Minimum Width of Driveway
The minimum width of parking aisle or driveway shall follow the requirements of Table 3.F.4.
Figure 3.F.5 Parking stall requirements
Figure 3.F.8 Parking stall size variation due to obstructions
Table 3.F.4: Minimum width of Parking Aisle/Driveway
Parking Angle to Aisle One Way Traffic Two Way Traffic
Bay on One Side Bays on Both Side Bays on One or Both Side
0° (parallel) 3600 3600
30° 3600 4200
6000
45° 4200 4800
60° 4800 4800
90° (perpendicular) 6000 6000
F.7.3 Minimum Dimension for Carriageway Ramps
Carriageway ramps are sloped driveway connecting and providing access between two levels for vehicles. For safe maneuvering of vehicle on carriageway ramp guidelines of the subsections as under shall be followed.
F.7.3.1 Width of carriageway ramp
The width of a carriageway ramp shall comply with the guidelines of Table 3.F.5 and Figure 3.F.9.
Table 3.F.5: Minimum width of Carriageway Ramps Type of Carriageway Single Dual Lane
Ramp Lane
(a) Width of straight 3600 mm 6000 mm (3000 mm/lane)
carriageway ramp
(b) Width of lane of curved 4200 mm 3600 mm for inside 3300 mm for outside
carriageway ramp lane lane
(c) Inside radius of curved
4500 mm
carriageway ramp
Figure 3.F.9 Carriageway ramp width
F.7.3.2 Carriageway ramp gradient
Ramp gradient specify the slope of a ramp expressed either in percentage or in ratio and
calculated as follows:
Floor-to-floor height 100
Ramp gradient (slope)% =
Ramp length along the horizontal plane
For same gradient on ramps, as shown in Figure 3.F.10 (a), the maximum slope shall be 12.5 percent (or 1 : 8). Ramp gradient shall be measured along the center line of the ramp.
For change of gradient on ramp, as shown in Figure 3.F.10 (b), this slope may be increased up to maximum 20 percent, with transition slopes on both end that are sloped at half of the slope of the main ramp.
F.7.3.3 Parking ramp
When sloped parking stalls are directly approached from a same sloped ramp it is known as parking ramp and the maximum gradient of such ramps shall be 5 percent (or 1 : 20).
F.7.4 Minimum Headroom
The height clearance from parking level floor to the bottom of the ceiling above shall be 2400 mm minimum. However, for downward projection from overhead ceiling (e.g. beams, direction signs, sprinkler heads, electrical fittings etc.) the clearance shall be minimum 2200 mm. Figure 3.F.11 shows the variable gradient of ramps used for calculating changing gradients.
(a)
(b) Figure 3.F.10 Ramps with (a) Same gradient; (b) Change in gradient
Figure 3.F.11 Relationship between floor-to-floor height, ramp gradient and ramp length
F.8 Motorcycle Parking Provisions
F.8.1 Motorcycle Parking Stall Dimensions
The minimum stall length and stall width of motorcycle parking shall be 2400 mm and 1000 mm respectively.
F.8.2 Stall Location
Motorcycle parking stalls can be provided at corners or any available space within the parking area provided that they do not obstruct movement of other vehicles and pedestrians.
F.9 Provisions For Large Vehicles
For other vehicles the minimum dimension of parking stall, headroom clearance,
carriageway width and turning radius shall be in compliance with Table 3.F.6.
Table 3.F.6: Minimum Requirements for Large Vehicle Parking and Maneuvering
Type of Stall Stall Headroom Minimum carriageway Inside Maximum
Vehicle Length Width clearance width turning ramp
radius gradient
ratio
Light goods 7m 3.5 m 3.6 m 4.5 m (single straight lane)
vehicles e.g. 5.5 m (single curve lane)
pickup, vans etc. 7.4 m (dual straight lane)
Mini buses 8m 3.0 m 3.3 m 4.5 m (single straight lane)
1:12
Buses 12 m 3.5 m 3.8 m 7.5 m (single curve lane)
7.4 m (dual straight lane)
Heavy goods 11 m 3.5 m 4.7 m 6.0 m
vehicle e.g.
trucks
Articulated 16 m 3.5 m 4.7 m 4.5 m (single straight lane)
vehicles e.g. 9.0 m (single curve lane)
container 7.4 m (dual straight lane) 1:15
carriers, trailers
etc.
F.10 Provisions For Car Lift and Mechanized Parking
F.10.1 General
To connect between different levels with vehicular access, car lifts can be used instead of a carriageway ramps. However, where a site is so constrained that it is not technically feasible to place a conventional ramp to connect between levels, mechanized parking may be installed. All such parking shall require queuing space as per provisions of this Code.
F.10.2 Guidelines for car lifts in a parking
A car lift shall have two openings, allowing entry of a car from one direction and exit of the car to the opposite direction. After entry to a facility or a building having car lifts, a minimum queuing space for at least 15 percent of the total parking shall be provided within the site. On departure from site, at least one holding bay having equal space of a parking stall shall be provided within the site (Figures 3.F.12 and 3.F.13). The internal dimension of all such lifts shall not be less than 2600 mm x 6200 mm with a minimum discharge capacity of 30 vehicles per hour. For every 50 vehicles 1 car lift shall be installed. To reduce queue at least two lifts shall be installed in a facility or a building. Maximum number of parking using car lifts shall not exceed 200.
F.10.3 Guidelines for Mechanized Parking
A mechanized parking may involve stacking system or lateral displacement system or a combination of both. The approach driveway width for a mechanized parking shall be at least 3.6 meter for one-way traffic and 6.0 meter for two-way traffic. After entry to a facility or a building having mechanized parking, a minimum queuing space for at least 5 percent of the total parking shall be provided within the site. Mechanized parking varies widely in type and specification; and shall be installed according to its manufacturer’s specifications. In doing so and during its operation it shall not compromise the safety of the building or the users in any way.
Figure 3.F.12 Queuing space and loading from and unloading to same road
Figure 3.F.13 Queuing space and loading from and unloading to different roads
Source: Bangladesh National Building Code 2020, S.R.O. No. 55-Law/2020, Bangladesh Gazette (Extraordinary), 11 February 2021. Tables, figures and equations: refer to the linked gazette pages.